Rulers, Government and Politics (centuries 18th and 19th)

Holy Roman Empire

It was the complex of territories in central Europe. This state lasted until 1806, when Napoleon I. Central Europe and conquered the kingdom of weak formations brought to collapse.

Capital: no official capital

Government: Elective Monarchy

Emperor: Otto I 962-973 and Francis II 1792-1806

Legislature: The Imperial Diet (Reichstag) was not a parliament in today's sense; instead, it was an assembly of the various estates of the realm. It was the convention of the Imperial Estates, legal entities that, according to feudal law, had no authority above them besides the Holy Roman Emperor (or King of the Romans) himself. The deputies convened occasionally at different cities, until in 1663 the Perpetual Diet was established at the Regensburg city hall.

German Confederation

It was an association of 41 states, created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815. But it was considerate ineffective. The Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation off, annexing large parts of its territory and the remaining area can essentially be split into three parts: Confederation of the Rhine, Prussia and Austria.

Capital: no official capital, but Frankfurt  was the place where they met to discuss about politic.

Government: Confederation

President: Francis I 1815-1835, Ferdinand I 1835-1848, and Francis Joseph I 1850-1866

Legislature: Federal Confederation (German: Bundesversammlung or Bundestag) was the only central institution of the German Confederation from 1815 until 1848, and from 1850 until 1866. It was organized as a permanent congress of envoys.

Prussia

Kingdom of Prussia was the force behind the unification of the Germany in 1871 and the leading state of the German Empire until its dissolution in 1918.

Capital: Berlin

Government: Monarchy (absolute before 1848, and Constitutional from 1848)

King: 1701-1713 Frederick I and 1888-1918 William II

Minister-President: 1848 Adolf Heinrich and 1918 Maximilian William

Legislature: The Landtag of Prussia (German: Preußischer Landtag) was the representative assembly of the Kingdom of Prussia implemented in 1849, a bicameral legislature consisting of the upper House of Lords (Herrenhaus) and the lower House of Representatives (Abgeordnetenhaus). After World War I and the German Revolution of 1918–19 the Landtag diet continued as the parliament of the Free State of Prussia from 1921.

North German Confederation

The North German Confederation was the first federally organized German State for historical precursor of the Empire realized the German nation-state formation. The originally in 1866 as a military alliance under Prussian leadership scale federation of German states north of the Main line transformed with the constitution on July 1, 1867, the first German state  .

Capital: Berlin

Federal Bureau: 1867-1871 Wilhelm I

Head of Government: Prince Otto von Bismarck

German Empire

German Empire is the name given to the German Reich between 1871 and 1918. The German Empire was carried out with the proclamation of the Prussian king Wilhelm I to the German Emperor on 18 January 1871 in the Hall of Mirrors of the Palace of Versailles. This followed the victory of the North German Confederation and the South German states allied with him in the German-French war. On small German basis and under the rule of the Prussian Hohenzollern was the first time a German nation-state emerged.

Capital: Berlin

Government: 1871-1918 Constitutional Monarchy, and 1918 Parliamentary Monarchy

Head of State: 1871-1888 Wilhelm I, 1888 Friedrich III, 1888-1918 Wilhelm II

Head of Government: 1871-1890 Prince Otto Von Bismarck, 1890-1894 Count Leo Von Caprivi, 1894-1900 Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg.

Legislature: Federal and Hereditary Monarchy.